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Macrocystis pyrifera
''Macrocystis pyrifera'', commonly known as giant kelp or giant bladder kelp, is a species of kelp (large brown algae), and one of four species in the genus ''Macrocystis''. Giant kelp is common along the coast of the eastern Pacific Ocean, from Baja California north to southeast Alaska, and is also found in the southern oceans near South America, South Africa, and Australia. Individual algae may grow to more than long at a rate of as much as per day. Giant kelp grows in dense stands known as kelp forests, which are home to many marine animals that depend on the algae for food or shelter. The primary commercial product obtained from giant kelp is alginate, but humans also harvest this species on a limited basis for use directly as food, as it is rich in iodine, potassium, and other minerals. It can be used in cooking in many of the ways other sea vegetables are used, and particularly serves to add flavor to bean dishes.
==Description==
''M. pyrifera'' is the largest of all algae. The stage of the life cycle that is usually seen is the sporophyte, which is perennial and individuals persist for many years.The giant kelp receives its name from its incredible size. Individuals may grow to up to long or more. The kelp often grows even longer than the distance from the bottom to the surface as it will grow in a diagonal direction due to the ocean current pushing against the kelp.〔Hoek ''et al.'' 1995, p. 201〕 The stalks arise from a holdfast and branch three or four times from near the base. Blades develop at irregular intervals along the stipe, with a single pneumatocyst (gas bladder) at the base of each blade.〔Kain 1991〕
A related and similar-looking, but smaller species, ''M. integrifolia'', grows to only to long. It is found on intertidal rocks or shallow subtidal rocks along the Pacific coast of North America (British Columbia to California) and South America.〔Abbott & Hollenberg 1976〕〔AlgaeBase: (Species: Macrocystis integrifolia )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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